Hittin' the Bricks with Kathleen

One-Place Studies: Meet Denise Cross

• Kathleen Brandt • Episode 2660

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Hittin’ the Bricks with Kathleen is the genealogy podcast that features your questions and her answers, with a focus on clear reasoning, historical context, and practical research methods. In this episode, Kathleen and John Brandt are joined by guest Denise Cross to explore how a one-place study transforms scattered historical records into a working model of a town—and how that model can be used to solve difficult genealogy problems.

Denise shares practical methods for defining research scope, mapping census visitation routes to historical land parcels, and linking neighbors, deeds, taxes, wills, church, and newspaper records to uncover relationships that traditional research approaches often miss.

In This Episode, You’ll Learn

• How to define a one-place study and choose a manageable scope
 • How to build a full-town research spreadsheet using census, deeds, probate, church, tax, and newspaper records
 • How neighbors and associates can help identify missing women in the historical record
 • How to map census visitation order to historical parcel maps
 • How to research frontier communities using indirect evidence
 • How place-based research supports surname studies and resolves endogamy challenges

Topics Covered

• One-place studies as a genealogy research method
 • Linking community networks to uncover family relationships
 • Mapping households to land ownership and movement
 • Frontier research with limited records
 • Endogamy and surname studies through place context
 • Registering and sharing one-place studies on WikiTree and research directories
 • Resources, webinars, and collaboration strategies

Episode Discussion & Key Moments

Denise explains how building a place-based research framework allows genealogists to move beyond individual ancestors and instead understand entire communities. By organizing census, tax, probate, land, and church records into a town-level model, researchers can identify patterns, relationships, and identity clues that would otherwise remain hidden.

The conversation also highlights how mapping census routes to historical land parcels helps clarify neighbor relationships, track movement over time, and provide indirect evidence—especially in frontier eras or communities with thin documentation.

Key questions examined include:

• How can a one-place study help solve identity problems?
 • What role do neighbors and associates play in genealogical proof?
 • How do researchers work effectively in communities with limited documentation?

Why This Episode Matters

When records are incomplete or identities unclear, understanding the place can be just as important as understanding the person. This episode demonstrates how community-level research strengthens genealogical conclusions and supports evidence-based reasoning.

About the Podcast

Hittin’ the Bricks with Kathleen is hosted by Kathleen and John Brandt and helps listeners turn scattered historical records into meaningful family narratives using modern research tools and practical methodology.

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Hittin' the Bricks is produced through the not-for-profit, 501c3 TracingAncestors.org.

Introductions & Today’s Focus

John

Ladies and gentlemen from the depths of Flyover Country in the Heartland of America, uh, Kansas City on the other side of the mighty mow. Welcome to Hittin the Bricks with Kathleen, the Do-It-Yourself Genealogy podcast with your questions and her answers. I am John, your whole heavy host, and today we'll be talking with Denise Cross about a one-place study. There's a lot to cover, so let's start hitting the bricks.

Kathleen

One place study comes up a lot in our mailbox, and I've been sending people to different presentations that I knew Denise has been doing. And Denise, we're gonna introduce you.

Denise Cross

Okay, well, I'm Denise Cross, and I am by day a community college librarian, and the rest of my time I'm researching and writing and all kinds of things like that. Um I don't have a formal company. I take on an occasional client for research, and I do a lot of journal uh article writing. So I've been published in a lot of big name genealogy journals. So it's it's more of a hobby for me, but I do a little bit on the side to, you know, kind of get myself prepped for my retirement endeavors.

John

Wonderful. That's cool.

Kathleen

So, Denise, your publications are they also on One Place Studies?

Denise Cross

So far, I have not directly published on those. I've used the techniques in some of the cases that got written up, but I haven't really been doing a lot of publishing. I did do the Legacy Film Tree webinar for on One Place Studies last year, so that's that's out there. The One Place Study never really finishes. So there's no endpoint that you start doing stuff like writing it up, right? It's little bits and pieces along the way that you kind of put together. Um I'm using it more as a research tool than as a just studying this place. There are a lot of people out there who study their place in depth and put a lot of stuff online, but not necessarily publish as well. So it just depends on the person and the project. They're all different.

John

What is a one-place study?

Denise Cross

So for those of us who like to go down rabbit holes, it's absolutely a facilitator of that because every little bright shiny thing about a particular place is gonna grab your interest and you have permission to go follow it because you're trying to do a really comprehensive deep dive into a place. Um, the one thing you want to make sure is that your place is not too big. So you're not gonna do New York City. You might do a building in New York City, you might do a block on New York City, you might do a very focused time span on New York City, right? But you would never do the whole city. It's just impossible. The best success you'll have is if you pick a small place. So these are really good for small towns, neighborhoods, perhaps. You could even do a like a Navy ship, you know, you get the crew and they're a they're a place in time. You could use a a signature quilt, you know, like the the quilts that they used to make with all the women would sign them. You could do that as a place because that's a group of people. Um you could do um a factory, you know, and study all the people who worked there. But most people tend to pick small towns when it comes to, you know, a location. My big one is um Granville, New York, which is about 3,000 people in the time span of like 1790 to 1840, which is my target time. So I've scoped mine in terms of time and place to make it manageable.

John

And so it doesn't have to be about just census records, but it's now becomes, you know, who is the milkman? I it it it's that sort of thing. Is that what I'm getting from it?

Scoping Place And Time Wisely

Denise Cross

Census records are really a good base for a one-place study, because then you get the entire neighborhood, all the people involved, right? So so that's usually where I begin, and I just extract everybody. That's why you want to keep it small, you know. You know 3,000 people, um, I forget how many pages, like I think the census is later on at like 10 pages worth of heads of households. Right. So that's a lot of data to start with, even so. So it takes a little bit of time to extract that, transcribe it, get it into uh a spreadsheet or some sort of uh place to collect it. And then from there, you know, go get all the vitals that might be available, go get all the church records that might be available, um, read the local newspapers and see who's visiting who, um, especially in a later time frame. That that's a big thing where you can kind of look at the newspapers and see who's been visiting their kids out of town or something like that. And you start to put those families together and you suddenly have an entire database of the town from which you can then do further research.

Kathleen

I actually have a signature quilt for our for our church. The church I was baptized in was a little small church in well, now it's in Oklahoma, and all the women signed a square. And I never put one place studies as that. I always thought of them as small tales. I never thought of a place in time. I love that definition of it because it gives me a little bit more purpose uh when I'm doing it for myself. Now, for for clients though, Denise, I normally am taking, like you said, maybe a military group. Is that how most people use it?

Denise Cross

You know, I don't think a lot of people have integrated it into client work. Um, you know, people who do one place studies are just like they're fascinated by the history of their place, they're fascinated by what the people did. They've got some research questions, perhaps, you know, like how did the local factory shutting down affect this small town, right? So they they might have some questions in there to help with their research, but but I've actually used it for an article that I published in the New York GMB record trying to find a woman's family, right? Women are so hard. But if you know the neighborhood and you know all the people involved, what I ended up doing was I knew her name from later records, her first name, not her last name. The marriage record had her name broken off, the pages, corners bent off, and so her name was gone. But I had the last couple of letters, and so I could do a deep dive into everybody in that town before and after the marriage date. And I collected all the men with their census information and looked at the households and figured out which household she could have fit into. And in the end, I found her and then connected her with other records later on. Um, she had a sibling who never married, and so everybody was named in the will, of course. That's awesome. So so I kind of after the fact connected the family back together because I had used the census over time in this one little town to find everybody, and then ruled out a whole bunch of people that way too. It was very helpful.

Kathleen

That really is using it as a brick wall because you did not know her mate name to start off with, you didn't know her family line. By doing it that way, you were able to connect her with siblings and the wills and her parents. Yeah.

Building A Town Database From Records

John

So so that's that's a and that was uh that was one of those mailbag questions, Kathleen, that I noticed was I'm researching my direct ancestor. What does this have to do with me? It sounds like, you know, it's a whole lot of work for no result. Well, there's your answer right there. This is why it would become uh a valuable tool.

Denise Cross

And you get to know all the people in town. So then you get an idea of who is related to whom, because you'll see the surnames match, oh, they must be related. But what about those women's lines who married in? You don't know they're related until you actually pull all the land you know, you you get the census kind of as your basis to know who the neighbors are, and then you pull all the land records in and see who's living next to each other, and then you pull all the the probates in, you see who's, you know, leaving the uh land to whom. So it helps, you know, it's basically gathering every bit of information you can find on your place at a particular time, and you just don't know what connections are going to show up.

Kathleen

I have not entered anything into the one place study. I have used the one surname study. I kind of work with it with endogamy. Can you give us a scenario where that actually s really works?

Denise Cross

So, you know, endogamy is more of a a very long-term small closed population issue. And it will show up, you know, in a slice of time in a place. You'll see, you know, cousins marrying cousins, etc. So so it can help your your time scope may not be long enough to capture all of that. It's definitely something that can help put together those fa that that's the other piece of it. Once you have all the foundational data from the records, you can start to put the families together and you'll start to see those patterns of, you know, second cousins marrying and and things like that. So it could help in that respect. The the one place studies that are especially WikiTree, that's that's the place where they seem to gather together because they give us free pages. And the one surname study type things also I think also have a home there. So that's kind of my my basis is using WikiTree for a lot of that.

John

Okay, I I have to stop I have to stop um because we've we've talked about two different places. The one place study place, Kathleen, that you enter things into. Is that like a URL or what are we looking at? Is that a website?

Kathleen

That was one of my questions to Denise, is how is this normally organized? Because I can go into one surname studies and I can look up a surname name. Can I do the same thing with the one place study? And is there a URL?

Denise Cross

So there are actually two places where you can get to one name studies as organized, you know, anybody can do one place study. You you've got your computer, you have a spreadsheet, you have family tree software, you gather your information. You know, you don't have to be associated with anything necessarily. Um but there is the OnePlace Studies uh organization in Great Britain has kind of the is the epicenter of of this. Um and so WikiTree has on there, there's a category OnePlace Studies. So if you go to WikiTree, you can probably just search OnePlace Studies. It will come to the page that has the listing of places. You know, it's international. You can go pretty much anywhere and look up. So, you know, if you're looking for mine, you'd go to the United States, look for New York, look for Granville, and you'd find my page where I have posted some of the data that I've gathered. There is also another one, like there's one place, studies.org, I believe, where you can also register your study. So there are a couple places where you can register your studies. It's a very, very inexpensive membership to belong, and that allows you to to list your study. So that's kind of the the place where they can be gathered, just like the OneName Studies group in Great Britain also has the um registry basically.

Kathleen

The one place studies that you have done, you put your data and your results on WikiTree.

Denise Cross

Right. I use the We Wiki Tree spaces for my OnePlace study. That's where I have it available in the world.

Kathleen

And what is actually in there if I'm going to go look at something?

Using Place To Solve Women’s Identities

Denise Cross

So I've got some population information. Um I gathered all that census data, so I know how many people live there and and there's a little bit of a um comparison of the population. Of course, I don't have a link to my own one place study anywhere handy.

John

Do you it okay? So is oneplace study.org is that associated?

Denise Cross

That's one of the places, yes.

John

Okay. Oneplace studies directory.

Denise Cross

Yeah, it's the directory.

Kathleen

Let me ask you this. Did are you registered then also in the oneplacestudy.org? I think I am. I've I've lost track of where I've registered.

Denise Cross

It's only like $10, isn't it? Right, exactly. Yeah, that's the one. And so, yeah, it's a very, very nominal fee to be part of it. Um I had taken a class with Faros Tutors. They're um they're in England, they do courses on various topics in genealogy, and they had a one place studies course. And so I took that and as part of that learned about the um oneplace study.org society. There's there's two different societies out there, and I always get confused which one's which.

John

How did you uh Denise, how did you get involved with uh the One Place Studies? What was I mean, was it an accident? You got a brick wall?

Denise Cross

I got a brick wall, yeah.

John

And then did you just get distracted while you were researching the brick wall?

Denise Cross

Well, I got obsessed when I got yeah, got obsessed when I started researching. I have my maternal line, right? I want to trace my MT DNA line, and it stops at a woman in Grenville, New York. Why was she there? I don't know. I don't know her mother's name. I know her father and her siblings, but I do not know her mother's name. And they had a very interesting migration. They were up in um South Hero, Vermont, which is another place I have a one-place study kind of collection of data. Um they were in South Hero when they married, but I don't know her name. When they're time frame. This is um in the 1790s. So there's a small population there, and I'm like looking at every family I can find to see if I can find female descendants that have the same MC DNA. It's a very rare one, as it turns out. It's it's like 0.5% of the population of that time, you know, from England, Scotland, probably. If I find a match, I've got her. You know, I just it's gonna be that it's that easy for me in terms of match, but there's so few of us apparently that there aren't that many close matches for my MT DNA. Then after they got married in, you know, several years, moved to Fort Covington area in New York. And that's where my last female ancestry was born. And suddenly she left with her children in the eighteen forties and went to Grandville. I don't know why she went to Grandville. What was there? Was there family? Was there something? Um so tracing her and trying to figure some of that out has been one of my goals to see if maybe there's a clue there that leads back to Vermont or New York. And I have other ancestors, of course, once my ancestor, female ancestor came there, you know, other ones married into the family, so I've been doing a lot of work with them.

John

MT DNA, is that what you're saying?

Denise Cross

Mitochondrial DNA.

John

Okay, that just wanted to make sure that was clear. Okay, go ahead, Kathleen.

Kathleen

Your ancestor who started off in Vermont. Yes. Did the man serve in the Revolutionary War?

Denise Cross

Yes, but he died before the pension, he was eligible for the pension because he was part of the Vermont militia. His brother got one. His brother survived long enough to get one. You know, I know he definitely never filed because he just didn't live long enough.

Kathleen

And did they come through Canada with the Revolutionary War?

Denise Cross

No, I don't think so. They were right up against the Canadian border once they were in New York. Right. But um I don't think there was I mean, maybe Leah, he was mostly in Vermont in New York State during the revolution.

Kathleen

Okay. So you f you're able to follow that brother earlier?

Denise Cross

Um well the brother served in the Vermont militia. They they served together, right? You know, that's how I know that those muster rolls are valid, that he was there, but he just didn't live long enough to get any money. So and his wife, I'm pretty sure, died in the eighteen ten timeframe. So that's probably one reason why her name is forgotten. The kids didn't remember her.

Kathleen

Right.

Endogamy, Surname Studies, And Wikis

Denise Cross

You know, if you were born in eighteen oh eight and your mom died around eighteen ten, you might not have any recollection. And no land deeds. Uh no, that's another interesting story, but that's um basically he leased land and never fully paid for it. So I guess it reverted at some point. So that the it was never handed down um because the the land companies held the title until it was paid off. And I suspect he didn't finish paying it off because he died.

Kathleen

I have so many questions on that case, but I'm gonna go ahead and go back to the one place.

Denise Cross

You can read all about him in the uh New York GMB record from about gosh, when was that? Was twenty sixteen, seventeen, somewhere around there? Uh Samuel Fletcher.

Kathleen

The New York Gene Genealogical and Biographical Society.

John

Yeah, their record. Right. Thank you. Save me from asking.

Kathleen

So that is a very interesting study. I really would like to see that because that's kind of my time frame that I love the bo most.

Denise Cross

Where there's no vital records, where they're on the frontier, there's no church records, you know, so there's the records are really thin and you've got to do an awful lot of deep diving into the neighborhood just to figure out what's going on.

John

Well that was going to be one of my questions, because as you had said that going into a city is not the best idea. So you you would narrow that down. But when you get into a the very small towns, uh frontier towns, and in that time frame, uh do you hit things that are just like it's empty?

Denise Cross

You know, th there are no records often, yes. Um but you know, you have a lot of clues you can put together. You do have some land records. You got money, you got people involved, so you're always gonna record those mostly. You got tax records. Tax records can be helpful. Um a generation later, you know, I could trace when somebody died and disappeared from the record, not because there was a death record, because there was none, but suddenly somebody else was paying the taxes on the record. Turned out to be heirs, you know, that kind of thing.

John

So that's interesting.

Denise Cross

Or the neighbors will note that they had uh butters on their land, right? So you can tell where they lived and who the ne next door neighbors were.

Kathleen

Which takes me to something else. But I have one last question on this case. I promise. This is my last one. French Indian War. Did you do those records had none of the fast that family's names in the French Indian?

Denise Cross

He wasn't old enough. He wasn't old enough to be involved in the world.

Kathleen

So he wasn't 14? No. I saw something, I think, on your site about mapping. Yes.

Where Studies Live Online

Denise Cross

Can you explain a little bit about your mapping for the one place studies? Did I put the picture that there's there's um a picture of a map in the legacy family tree webinar that um showed the technique I used. Basically, I was trying to find this is outside my brick wall problem, this is another family problem in Grandville, right? So, like I said, once they got there and married in, I now have more problems in Grandville. The technique I used was I had the census, I knew all the neighbors, and this is about um around the 1850s census, I and then the map was a little bit a little bit later, I think I want to say it was like 1857. So the map was published, they did a lot of these in the 1800s, where they had the county maps and they were they were cadastral maps. They had the landowners or on the map. And so you could see the little square with the name of the person and you could figure out who was who on the map. But if you didn't own the land, your name wasn't there usually often. I mean, sometimes it did include them. So in my case, the Granville map shows all the landowners, and I didn't know where my ancestor lived because he was dirt poor. He was insolvent at one point, and that's a whole nother case. I put his family together based on that insolvency case because again, no vital records, don't know who the kids are. And I wanted to know where he lived because that would help me figure out in the neighborhood where people were associating with each other. And it's super fan club research, basically. A one-place study is a super fan. And so what I did was I took the cadastral map and I took the census and I plotted the visitation numbers. You know, the census has the household numbers in order, and I plotted those on the map, and then I looked at the map and I realized that the path that the enumerator took was sometimes not perfectly straight. You know, so you have a little bit of wandering back and forth across the street around the corner because somebody wasn't home, probably. But I was able then to look at the visitation order and the names on the map, and the two that were the closest on the census to my ancestor bracketed where he must be living. And so then I was able to say, okay, he was probably renting land from a particular person and was living there on this big plot that this guy had. So now I know even though he didn't own any any land, I know where he was living based on putting those two pieces together from my OnePlace study. And then I looked at the modern map, because the modern towns will put out their real estate valuations and their parcel maps. And so I looked at the modern map, and that parcel is still about the same configuration, even though neighboring parcels have been, you know, broken down. So it's like, yeah, I know where he lived. I can go stand in that spot. It's really kind of cool. So and that's the other thing about a one-place study is it like gives you a sense of what the land looked like, right? So you have an idea like where the hills and valleys are, because then people didn't associate with each other if there was a mountain in between them, right? Um, or if there's a river to cross. So you could get a sense of their com the community, of their world, you know. And so I knew who they were associating with, and you can just kind of go from there, and then you you find something really fascinating, like a um the blacksmith in town kept a account book. So I know who he dealt with. Unfortunately, my ancestor was too poor and probably didn't even have a horse. So therefore, he's not in the account book. But all the neighbors are there, you know, the names I recognize now. I know all of these people because I've been studying all of their records, and so it kind of gives me a picture of the neighborhood.

Kathleen

Denise, that map, where can the listeners see that? Because I know I saw it, but I don't know where.

Denise Cross

It's definitely in the webinar. So if they go to Legacy Family Tree webinars, as they're watching the webinar, it comes up. So I've got um uh the National Register of Historic Places, I've got all those listings on my study. Lemuel Haynes was a minister in Granville, and he is a very prominent African American ancestor. He was a free person of color at the time and was the uh South Granville Church minister for many years. Lemuel Haynes. And this is what year? I want to say eighteen ten, twenties. He's so he's one of the famous people from from uh from Granville, little Grandville.

John

Oh, this is really cool. I I I did the Google along with you.

Denise Cross

Yeah, and that's one of the things that OnePlace studiers usually you know, include our notable people and events that may happen. So if you have a town that's you know famous site of a you know war battle or something, you'll get that kind of information there.

Brick Wall Origins And mtDNA Quest

Kathleen

This is wonderful. So I don't know if I I didn't have really set questions because I was so limited in how I use one place studies and they're so directed for a genealogical question. And I don't get to go down the I mean the the rabbit holes didn't need because I'm on a time clock here. The clients aren't paying me for that. So but one of the questions I got was how you get your input and those are just your normal genealogical records that we use. You pick your place whether it's a a city, a town, a actual place or and then you're gathering around that our census or wills or probates or death conference marriage records and so forth.

Denise Cross

It's kind of backwards from what a researcher would normally do. You have a question, you focus on the records that were going to answer that question and you're done. This is kind of the opposite you find all the records you extract everybody and then you ask the questions perhaps. So in my case I'm gathering all of the people in the neighborhood to see who lived next door. Like for example for that um problem with my ancestor who didn't own land. If I'm trying to find somebody who may be related to somebody else with different surnames, I'm gonna look at once I've gathered the data from the census, from the deeds, from probates, whatever other information I have, I'm gonna look and see who's associating. You know, is so and so being a witness on somebody's land was it because they just happened to live next door or they were actually family and they came with them to the courthouse to record the deed. You know, so it's it's those kinds of questions where there's nothing expressed in terms of the relationship. But the more somebody associates with someone, the higher their likelihood of being a very close neighbor or family. And then you can go from there to put your indirect evidence together to say, yeah, this is probably the father of the wife because you know and then you can fill in all the evidence that you've gathered because you've got the whole body of records to draw from.

John

So you know we s we started twenty s twenty six talking about one ancestor researching and working on that one person. Um for for the people because I'm kind of excited about this because uh for people who get bogged down with working against the brick walls, that this seems like such a great way to stay in it, but to really branch out and get a completely different take on doing re related research but not being stuck with always banging your head against the same brick wall is that you can work within the community and still do something really valuable uh to your research but a little bit less directed and a little bit more, you know, like me.

Kathleen

Well but John thank you for mentioning that that was our first podcast of the year was to take one answer or you do I forgot all about it. And this is perfect for that because it allows you to take that one issue that you had and really expand on it and what you can get out of it seems to be a wealth of knowledge.

John

Well it also seems that it's so shareable with the the wiki tree building that research community.

Denise Cross

Yeah people do collaborate there. I have not gotten lucky yet and had anybody else pop up and say oh I'm really interested in Granville can I help? But you know if I find another town on there that I'm working on, you know I'd be happy to contribute if it turns out we've got, you know, people with sim similar research goals.

John

Denise I can't imagine you have any time outside of doing all of this but w do you do something else? What do you do to relax as opposed to um just paging through records and I do I do a lot of research and writing.

Denise Cross

That's that's usually my thing. Um and is there anything any presentations or uh any upcoming thing that you're doing that you want uh the listeners to know about um I think the next um webinar I'm doing is for the Essex County Massachusetts Society and that's on the how to how to find information for your seafaring ancestors is basically the the the gist of that one. If you follow conference keepers any time I'm doing a lecture it'll pop up there eventually um because most most societies and everything get listed there. I think the one for Essex County may have already been listed because usually you you can go and look at their full listings. I just follow the new the new posts every every week.

John

But I just I know that people who are hearing about this for the first time are going to be probably really hyped up about it. Yeah and and want to dig more into it.

Frontier Research With Thin Records

Denise Cross

So I want to give them as many resources as possible to to find you and to find more level you know people can try to contact me through my my APG listing. That's probably the easiest place to find me. I don't have a website since since I you know don't do genealogy full time for clients anyway. I I do it full time for myself plus so but yeah it's you know I'd I'd I I'd say I'd do about a client a month at this point because you know I find it fascinating to get outside of my own problems and see other people's things. And um several of those cases have gotten written up and published too so you know people have benefited from that as well when somebody needed a a Mayflower um proof. The only way to do it was a peer-reviewed journal article because it was so so indirect that you didn't have paperwork to say here it is. You needed a whole article to do it. But you know it did the job and that's what they they needed so that's what I did.

Kathleen

I love that that's that's my time frame that's my the people I work a lot with is the Mayflower the early ones. So yeah.

John

Denise this has been absolutely uh wonderful and thank you so much for taking the time to chat with us this is this is so exciting for me. I I feel like I've got a new lease on things that I can dive into it.

Denise Cross

The nice thing about a one place study is that you can't do it wrong. As long as you're gathering all the information and then you do something with it eventually you you analyze it you you summarize it you write it up somehow um technically the One Place study society wants you to write a report when you're done. Most of us don't get done so it's like that report's coming one of these days.

John

Always coming I'm starting to see a new niche in my life that just is made for me. The report never comes due and I can just research whatever I feel like within a certain section.

Kathleen

And thank you Denise for joining us. Thanks for having me.

John

Well congratulations you made it to the end of another episode thanks so much for staying thanks to Chewy Chewbacca Brandt for continuing his one place study of our couch and his unwavering lack of interest in anything we're doing. The theme song for Hittin't the bricks was written and performed by Tony Fisknuckle and the Amethyst watch for the next appearance at your local volcanic geos. Do you have a genealogical question for Kathleen? Drop us a line at hitting the bricks at gmail dot com and let us know

Head Shot

Kathleen Brandt

Host
Head Shot

John Brandt

Co-host